Lesson 2 > 4 > Solid Subtract / Union / Intersect in AutoCAD

2.4.1 Solid Union

It is used to combine the two solid objects. So that one object passes throughout and other one gets split up. Figure 2.4.1 will help you to understand the Solid union. This method is most suitable for combining two objects. Which is used for the best architectural appearance.

Figure 2.4.1 : Solid Union
This image is the property of Autodesk corporation and taken for educational purpose with prior permission under creative common attribute 3.0

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2.4.2 Solid Intersect

 In this type when two solid cross each other, then the area which is in contact with each other only remains. It removes the area which is not in intersection with those two objects.

Figure 2.4.2 : Solid Intersect
This image is the property of Autodesk corporation and taken for educational purpose with prior permission under creative common attribute 3.0

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2.4.3 Solid Subtract

In this type the area which in intersecting with both object is removed and the area which is not in contact with each other is kept as it is.

Figure 2.4.3 : Solid subtract
This image is the property of Autodesk corporation and taken for educational purpose with prior permission under creative common attribute 3.0

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2.4.4 Completing the 3D Model

1. In the previous chapter we have created a model which is looking somewhat like the in the image below:

   

   Figure 2.4.4 : Previous Model

2. Now you have understood what we have to do. We need to apply the command of solid subtract. For that first we will select the walls and then the window or door box. After that your work will look like in the image below.

   

   Figure 2.5.5 : After applying Solid Subtract Command.

3. But it will look wired if we don't have slab on it. For that switch to top view with poly line create the outer border and then apply the extrude command. And here is your 3D model completed and will be looking like this.

   

   Figure 2.5.6 : After Adding Slab

4. Here is your model completed. You can change the color of walls by going to its properties and selecting the color. And here i am happy to say you have completed the BASIC 3D & 2D drafting Tutorial.

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Lesson 2 > 3 > Solids & Extruding in AutoCAD

2.3.1 Solids

Solids are the 3d objects which are per-installed in the AutoCAD. We all need to do is to provide its dimensions. Like its Length, width and height. The various solids provided by AutoCAD are Cube, Cylinder, Sphere, Cone, Pyramid, Wedge and  Torus. This 3D models helps to create the 3D objects fastly avoiding the lengthy process. The solid objects are inserted in the drawing from the home tab. There is a panel of modelling. HOME > MODELLING. The following table will help to understand the 3D objects.

Icon	Name	Command	Result
	Box	_box	To create a 3D solid Box with the help of length, breadth and height.
	Cylinder	_cylinder	To create a 3D solid Cylinder
	Cone	_cone	To create a 3D solid Cone
	Sphere	_sphere	To create a 3D solid Sphere
	Pyramid	_pyramid	To create a 3D solid Pyramid
	Wedge	_wedge	To create a 3D solid Wedge
	Torus	_torus	To create a 3D solid Torus

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2.3.2 Extrude

With the help of the EXTRUDE command you can pull out the object. In simple way to explain if you have a circle then applying it the circle will become a cylinder. If you have a square then it will become a cube. Figure 2.3.1 will help you to understand the Extrude command.

Figure 2.3.1 : Application of Extrude command

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2.3.3 Using Extrude Command

You might have seen the application of extrude command for the circle. The Extrude command itself is enough to create a 3D designs. We will try to create a 3D model of a simple plan.

Download the 2D basic plan drawing from here : Extrude Assignment.dwg

Steps:

1. Copy the plan at another location so as for the backup.
2. The walls are actually divided by me in the provided plan.Now you have to do is initially raise the box around the door by 2.1 mtr. I will tell you later why we did that. And raise the boxes around windows by 1.2 mtr.

   

   Figure 2.3.2 : Extruded Doors and Windows box.

3. After that select all the extruded windows box and click on the formed z axis blue line and provide uplift input od 0.9 mtr.

   

   Figure 2.3.3 : Lifting the windows.

4. Now extrude every wall box by 3.0 mtrs. as shown in the figure below.

   

   Figure 2.3.4: Final Result

5. Save your work done. In next chapter we will try to make the door and window openings. Even we will add slabs in it.

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Lesson 2 > 2 > Viewports & Views in AutoCAD

2.2.1 ViewPorts

In AutoCAD 3D, you might aware that previously i said that with 3D model you will be directly create a plan, side view and Elevation for that we need to setup the view ports. In view ports you can look at single 3d object from various angles. There are various layouts for the view ports provided by AutoCAD. The various layouts of view ports are given in fig 2.2.1 along with its position.

Figure 2.2.1 : Various ViewPort Layout

Setting up the view ports may lack the performance of the computer but it allows us to perform a sharp work. When we go for the 3D drawing one view is not sufficient to create a perfect 3D model. That time view ports plays a vital role. Generally i like to use FOUR EQUAL view port.

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2.2.2 View Angles

In view ports we need to setup each angle as per our need. The object from top, side or front angle is not sufficient. Some times we need to look at the same object from the ISOMETRIC angles. The various Angles in the ViewPorts can be achieved by clicking on the angle option which is at the left top corner of each port.

Figure 2.2.2 : Changing Angle from ViewPort

There is also another way to change the angle. For that go to VIEW > VIEWS and select the view . The figure 2.2.3 will help you to easily understand the another way of changing the view.

Figure 2.2.3 : Changine view Angles

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Lesson 2 > 1 > Introduction to 3D in AutoCAD

AutoCAD 3D

The 3D feature of the AutoCAD makes it unique from other CAD Software. When we go for the 3D modelling in AutoCAD it generates the 3rd axis which is called as "Z". In the previous tutorials we have created the 2D drawings and now we will go further for creating a 3D model. The main advantage behind creating a 3D model is you don't need to create a Section, Plan or elevation separately. With  one model you get all of this. Now we will try to enter in the amazing world of 3D modelling.

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AutoCAD 3D Terms

Before entering the amazing world of 3D be sure you are totally aware about the basic commands of 2D. If you have any doubt with them then i will suggest you to take a look back.

Term	Explanation
2-D	A concept of displaying real-world objects on a flat surface showing only height and width. This system uses only the X and Y axes.
3-D	A way of displaying real-world object in a more natural way by adding depth to the height and width. This system uses the X Y and Z axes.
Boolean operations	Commands that allow you to add, subtract or intersect solid objects in AutoCAD.
Complex surface	Generally a curved surface. Examples: car fender, landscape contour.
Elevation	The difference between an object being at zero on the Z-axis and the height that it is above zero.
Extrude	The extrude command raises the shape of a 2D outline into a 3D solid. For example, a circle would be extruded into a cylinder.
Face	The simplest true 3-D surface.
Facet	A three or four sided polygon that represents a piece (or section) of a 3-D surface.
Hidden line removal	A way of hiding lines that would not be visible if you were viewing the actual object you have drawn in AutoCAD. (Command: HIDE)
Isometric Drawing	A simple way of achieving a '3-D' appearance using 2-D drawing methods.
Plan View	Also known as the top view, a plan view looks directly down the WCS Z-axis to the X-Y axis.
Primitive	A basic solid building block. Examples would be boxes, cones, cylinders.
Region	A 2-D area consisting of lines, arcs, etc.
Rendering	A complex way of adding photo-realistic qualities to a 3-D model you have created.
Shading	A quick way of adding color to a 3-D object you have drawn. (Command: SHADE)
Solid Model	A 3-D model creating using solid 'building blocks'. This is the most accurate way of representing real-world objects in CAD.
Surface Model	A 3-D model defined by surfaces. The surface consists of polygons. (See facets.)
Thickness	A property of lines and other objects that gives them a 3-D like appearance.
UCS	The user co-ordinate system. This is defined by the person drawing to have easier access to portions of a 3-D model.
View	A particular view of the object you have created.
Viewport	A window into your drawing showing a particular view. You can have several viewports on your screen. Different from the viewports used in plotting.
Wire-frame Model	A 3-D shape that is defined by lines and curves. A skeletal representation. Hidden line removal is not possible with this model.
Z-Axis	The third axis that defines the depth.

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